◎Sensors and instrumentation systems

◎Online monitoring and control of 

• water treatment and distribution systems
• wastewater collection (sewer networks) and treatment systems
• advanced water treatment systems for water recycling and reuse
• river quality

◎Integrated control of

• water production and distribution
• wastewater treatment plant
• sewers and wastewater treatment plants
• sewer-shed and rivers
• centralized and decentralized systems

◎Decision support systems

• early warning
• fault detection and diagnosis
• fault-tolerant control
• modelling and simulation for control and operation
• information systems for operation and control
• risk assessment

◎Digital water

• Internet of Things (IoT), remote monitoring and control
• Information Communication Technology (ICT) for water
• big data, machine learning, artificial intelligence
• smart water systems as a component of smart cities